Downtown Seoul tense as court due to rule on President Yoon’s impeachment

Seoul, South Korea – The catchphrase “8-0” was blasted on loudspeakers and seen on placards in Seoul’s historic centre of Jongno District, where thousands of critics of impeached President Yoon Suk-yeol gathered.

The demonstrators on Thursday were calling for Yoon to be impeached, confident that all eight acting justices in the country’s Constitutional Court will decide to uphold an impeachment motion passed by the National Assembly in mid-December after Yoon’s short-lived martial law bid.

When the final verdict is announced on Friday, one of two things will happen: Yoon will be found guilty and removed from office, and the country will hold a snap presidential election within 60 days. Or Yoon will be cleared and return to office immediately.

Nestled between ancient palaces and state-of-the-art museums, the neighbourhood of Anguk, where the court is located – and which translates to “peaceful country” – has been fortified by hundreds of police buses.

More than 14,000 police officers have been mobilised throughout the city while the Anguk subway station, local businesses and several schools are closed in case of disturbances following the court’s ruling.

Police buses are parked to make walls on the road as part of precautions for any eventuality near the Constitutional Court in Seoul, South Korea, on April 3, 2025 [Ahn Young-joon/AP Photo]

In front of Gyeongbokgung Palace, a student organisation staged what sounded like a celebratory band performance in anticipation of a successful impeachment decision that many hope will end a four-month-long standoff over Yoon’s future.

“I completely trust that they will make the right decision,” said Song Hye-jung, who was watching the band from afar on Thursday.

“But with so many things that have happened in the last few months, I have the tiniest of uncertainty still.”

There have been two acting presidents since Yoon was suspended from office in December, as Prime Minister Han Duck-soo, who was next in line to the presidency, was also impeached by the National Assembly.

While Han was reinstated as acting president last month, it has taken a record 38 days for the court to deliver its ruling on Yoon.

“By looking at how long it took for the court to make its decision, there might have been one or two dissenting votes. So, it might not turn out to be a perfect eight to zero,” Lim Woon-taek, a sociology professor at Keimyung University and a former member of the Presidential Commission on Policy Planning, told Al Jazeera.

“The key point in this fiasco was that the whole nation could watch what was happening on the night martial law was declared through live feeds on televisions and their phones. It was clear to see that the president overstepped the limits of his powers,” Woon-taek said.

Yoon’s case has centred on whether he broke the law by engaging in five key actions: declaring martial law, writing up a martial law decree, deploying troops to the National Assembly, raiding the National Election Commission and allegedly attempting to arrest politicians.

“None of the five reasons are light whatsoever. The actions on December 3 can be seen as an attempt to suspend the constitutional government, freeze all political activities, and replace the National Assembly with a substitute force,” added Chung Tae-ho, a professor at Kyung Hee University specialising in constitutional law.

As a graduate law student at Seoul National University, Lim Hyeon-chang blamed the prolonged decision on the Constitutional Court being too sensitive towards public opinion.

“It’s already been four months of protesting for many of our students, so we definitely felt tired from all the wait. But with spring and the new semester starting, there’s hope that this social chaos will go back to normalcy finally,” he said.

While pro-impeachment protests gathered in their thousands on Thursday night, pro-Yoon supporters were harder to find.

In a small group of fewer than 10 people, Grace Kim held a poster reading, “NO impeachment”.

“I’m fully convinced that the court will decide to reinstate Yoon in office. The whole process of suspending and impeaching our president was illegal from the start,” the 63-year-old said.

“If the court decides otherwise, we will exercise our right of resistance and fight until truth prevails,” she said.

The pro-Yoon camp has been captivated by the likely possibility that Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung will be the favourite to win a potential presidential election in the case Yoon is impeached and removed from office.

For people like Kim Gyun-hyeon, this is the worst possible nightmare.

“This is something that should be prevented at all costs. Pro-communist forces are permeating into our society,” he claimed. “Using illegal means to suspend the president and using any means necessary to steal authority is something that we should be alarmed about,” he said.

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Al Jazeera and news agencies